PSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY

Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas,alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.A psychodinamic approach to understanding creativity was proposed by Sigmund Freud, who suggested that creativity arises as a result of frustrated desires for fame, fortune,and love, with the energy that was previously tied up in frustration and emotional tension in the neurosis being sublimated into creative activity.

Most people are creative, but not all people act on their ideas. And like other skills creativity can be developed. Some people are encouraged to express their creative ability more than others and may even get rewarded for doing so. Artist, in addition to expressing their creativity,also have traits like manual dexterity, good eye- hand coordination and other skills than enable them to more fully express their creative thoughts. Similarly, athletes, teachers, scientists and auto mechanics have special skill sets that enable them to express their creative ideas.

There are however many ways of being creative. Each of us can be creative if we recognize our unique talents and develop mastery in those areas. That is no guarantee that the world will recognize us but it does provide the soul satisfaction that comes with living a creative life.

Thus, we can freely assert that creativity found in all people and that creative talents can be increased with study.

PODCASTS

The first podcast, which I have listened was about the ways of success. The topic name was "What leads to success".It was really very interesting topic, which focus all my attention.

Richard St. John spend several years interviewing hundreds of successful people. So two people talk about Richard's presentation.

Really success depends on how you respond opportunities on your way. Not only innate talents but also practise, hard practise a the key of success.And I agree with speakers opinion that person can't be good at all things, he or she have to pick the thing,which they like and practise very hard.People have to work with passion, they have to love what they do. Successful people says that they work with love and motivation.They work hard, but they feel fun.

This podcast lasts 8 minutes. If you want to listen it, then go to http://www.betteratenglish.com/

It is really understandable and interesting podcast.The speech is quite slow, althought it was upper-intermediate level.

Another podcast was a little bit useful for avoiding grammar mistakes.The podcast was: "Grammar mistakes that make you look like a dork: its vs. it's"

The speaker said that not only english learners do mistakes but also people whom english is the native language. Particularly peole do mistakes when words sound the same but are wroted differently.
One of the mistake is confusing it's and its so speaker suggest several things to avoid this mistakes.
When you write, ask yourself if the it’s/its you’re about to write means it is or it has. If it does, then you can use the it’s form WITH an apostrophe. If it doesn’t make sense, then you need the its form WITHOUT an apostrophe.
The second thing you should do is use the find feature of your word processing software to search for all instances of its (no apostrophe) and it’s (with apostrophe). For each instance you find, perform the it is / it has test or the his-her-their pronoun test. If you take the time to do this, you will never risk turning in piece of writing containing this dorky grammar mistake.
This podcast was from the same site as the first one.This listening was advanced level and sometimes it was harder to understand than the first one.Also this topic was not so interesting as the firs but it was more useful for grammar skills.

Psychological abuse

Psychological abuse or emotional abuse refers to the humiliation or intimidiation of another person, but is also used to refer to the long-term effects of emotional shock.

Nowadays this type of abuse feel women, students also teachers, waiters and many other speciality people.

Emotional or psychological abuse are often felt in families.

Emotional abuse can be difficult to pin down because there are no physical signs to look for. Sure, people yell at each other, express anger, and call each other names sometimes, and expressing anger can sometimes be healthy. But emotional abuse generally occurs when the yelling and anger go too far or when a parent constantly belittles, threatens, or dismisses a child until the child's self-esteem and feelings of self-worth are damaged. And just like physical abuse can cause physical scars, emotional abuse can bring about emotional damage.

Psychological abuse could have many consequences in the future, particularly if this type of abuse is used for children.

Psychological abuse can make the person feel "less of a person". It diminishes the person's sense of identity, dignity, and self-worth. Abused people often find that psychological or emotional abuse is the most hurtful form of abuse.
Psychological abuse may make a person fearful or cause the person mental anguish. This may be done in several ways, including by:
-making the people uncertain about themselves and their abilities (lowering their self esteem),
-threatening some form of violence, or
threatening to abandon or neglect the person.
Psychological abuse includes behaviours such as:
-Name calling,
-Yelling,
-Insulting the person,
-Threatening the person or threatening to take away something that is important to them,
-Imitating or mocking the person,
-Swearing at them,
-Ignoring,
-Isolating the person,
-Excluding them from meaningful events or activities.
Psychological abuse also happens when the adult is excluded from decision making when the person is capable and wants to be included (in other words, "making decisions for them"), and depriving them of their rights.

The Abuser
The psychological abuser has a desire to control the other person. By undermining your self-confidence, the abuser limits your ability to act independently.

What to do:
Know that it’s not your fault. You do not deserve to be told hurtful things.
Talk to someone you trust. It may be an Elder, teacher, relative, friend or counselor. Let this other person know what it is that bothers you. If nothing else, they can tell you what a valuable human being you are.
Avoid the abuser. If possible, try to avoid the person who is verbally abusing you. If it’s a close family member, try to limit the amount of time you spend with this person, and remember to believe in yourself, no matter what they say. They are the one with the problem, not you.

Did you know?

95% of men who physically abuse their intimate
partners also psychologically abuse them.4
· Psychologically abusive men are more likely to
use a weapon against their partners, have prior
criminal arrests, abuse substances, and have
employment problems.5
· An employed woman with an unemployed
partner is more than twice as likely to be
psychologically abused by her partner.9
· Having a physical disability increases a
woman’s risk of psychological abuse by 83%.7
· Women who earn 65% or more of their
households’ income are more likely to be
psychologically abused.

How to stop it?

There is no answer. Today younger and younger people become cruel. It seems that people become more untolerative and more aggresive than in the past.

Maybe it's person's unconscious. Sometimes people can be very goo and friendly, but the same person can be very cruel....As Freud said that in our conscious sometimes everybody wants to kill mother or father. So, you don't lead all abusers to psychologist..... you don't stop them...but people should know more what to do that you don't be another victim of psychological abuse.

The psychology of handwriting

One of the psychology field is a handwriting.Everyone has their own unique handwriting and it can show many things about the personality.Some people believe in it, some no. It is a projective technique like body language which can profile human behavior in the areas of social skills, thinking styles, achievement, work habits and possible ways with dealing with stress.

I tell about some types of writing:

If each letter is separated and a pen is witdrawn,also letters are wrote disorderly and they differ from each other, then in this way write people who like laughting, do not worry about troubles and do not plan their future.

If a person write long turn of letters j and g, they are self- confident.This type of person do not pay attention to other people's quizes.

If letters are wrote very smartly, this person spend much time in front of the mirror.

So, it is just a small part of such analizies.

What is interesting, that experts says that handwriting depends on some motorical areas of the brain.Full analizies of handwriting can diagnoze some illnesses.Slight differences of the handwriting can show neurological and psychiatrical characteristics, which in the future can cause some ilnesses.Also experts says that more than 400 features of the handwriting can discover secret states of the person's spirit.

I believe that handwriting reflect some features of person character, because it developes for a long time and it is caused by many outside factors.I do not believe that from four or five types of handwriting you can say the right things about the person.But doing a full analize of the handwriting , I believe that you can discover many things about the person.

FEAR

Fear is a powerful, unpleasant feeling of risk or danger, either real or imagined. Fear is a defensive, survival advantage and it is ussually a response to a particular stimulus. For example, a person may see a spider and experience fear. An example of this may be something dangerous and spontaneous, during this situation the blood goes to big muscless ( like legs) allowing the person to run faster. Fear is related to a number of emotional states including worry, anxiety, terror, fright, paranoia, horror, panic (social and personal), persecution complex and dread. Paranoia is an ever- present feeling of suspicion that others cannot be trusted.Such feelings are not based on facts or reality. Insecurity and low self- esteem often exaggerate these emotions.Typically, paranoia is not seen in children, but in most cases it begins to develope in late adolescence and early adulthood. Most people experience feelings of paranoia, usually in response to a threatening situation. There are many symptoms of paranoia such as aggression, alcohol abuse, aches, pain and so on. This disease usually have people, who suffer from anorexia, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and so on.

It is normal to have a fear, but if it's fear based on symptoms like aggression, constant worry or fright, then people have to apply for the help of psychologist.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LAUGHTER

Laughter is almost uncontrollable. This is manifested in young people, especially children. Psychologist says that laughter, smiling, and grinning are the external manifestations of the play instinct. So we may, therefore, lay down the law that all unrestrained spontaneous activities of normal functions give rise to the emotion of joy with its expression of smiles and laughter. A number of objects may give rise to the emotion of joy, smile and laughter. What is common to all these objects is the fact that they all belong to the class of playthings. This we can easily observe in the case of little children who laugh and jump with joy when they keep on playing with their toys. Adult life is not in any way different: adults laugh and are amused with their toys, but the toys are more disguised and far more complex. We must have our toys and our playthings to amuse us and to make us laugh. The character of toys, however, changes with the nation, age, and environment. The character of the plaything also changes with the age of the individual.
A man in high spirits, though he may not actually smile, commonly exhibits some tendency to the retraction of the corners of his mouth. From the excitement of pleasure the circulation becomes more rapid; the eyes are bright, and the color of the face rises. The brain, becoming stimulated by the increased flow of blood, reacts on the mental powers; lively ideas pass still more rapidly through the mind, and the affections are warmed. Laughter is frequently employed in a forced manner to conceal or mask some other state of mind, even anger. We often see persons laughing in order to conceal their shame or shyness. We can see it when a person purses up his mouth, as if to prevent the possibility of smile, though there is nothing to excite one. Also we can see objection between the laughter or smile and the body language.
It’s hard to believe, but every Monday evening about 10 people gather at Better Health Chiropractic in New York City to laugh about absolutely nothing. Members stand in a circle while a certified instructor leads the group in some 20 different laughs.
One prescribed chuckle is the "broken vase" laugh. The leader pretends to drop an imaginary vase on the floor and then lets out a distinctive snicker. The group then performs the exercise together.
The point is to "laugh without reason," which they believe is good for their health. In the clubs, humor plays little role in initiating the laughter, although participants report that watching another person giggle is in itself pretty funny.
Today, laughter clubs can be found at U.S. elementary schools, churches, hospitals and military bases, although no studies have been performed to test whether forced laughter is effective.
If we remember the James- Lange theory then we can say that we feel happy because we laugh. So keep a smile and laugh because the life will seem brighter and the mood will be better.

CONFLICTS

Conflict is a state of opposition, disagreement between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterized by physical violence. Military conflict between states may constitute war.
There are many types of conflicts, but mostly we faced with conflicts between people. From psychological side conflicts can be caused by a role cunfusion. For example if you are the student you behave with your lecturers like all students. You don't behave with them like with your sister or brother, you don't say "go out" or "shut up" to your lecturers because a person know his limits. But when a person confuse his or her role then it can cause a conflict.
Also, the reason of conflict can be in own person. If people are stressed or have many problems they are more nerwous and can burn like matches and develope conflicts.
Moreover, conflicts can be between two people or a group who has a firm ego. If there are one person with firm ego and other person doesn't have a firm ego then psychologically stronger person will affect other person to his side, but if there are two people with firm ego, the conflict can develope into very strong conflict or physical violence.
It depends also on person morality norms, experience and other aspects. As we know, firstly we have to think over and then do.
There can be many reasons and explanations about the conflicts and their rise. So that was just a little part.