FEAR

Fear is a powerful, unpleasant feeling of risk or danger, either real or imagined. Fear is a defensive, survival advantage and it is ussually a response to a particular stimulus. For example, a person may see a spider and experience fear. An example of this may be something dangerous and spontaneous, during this situation the blood goes to big muscless ( like legs) allowing the person to run faster. Fear is related to a number of emotional states including worry, anxiety, terror, fright, paranoia, horror, panic (social and personal), persecution complex and dread. Paranoia is an ever- present feeling of suspicion that others cannot be trusted.Such feelings are not based on facts or reality. Insecurity and low self- esteem often exaggerate these emotions.Typically, paranoia is not seen in children, but in most cases it begins to develope in late adolescence and early adulthood. Most people experience feelings of paranoia, usually in response to a threatening situation. There are many symptoms of paranoia such as aggression, alcohol abuse, aches, pain and so on. This disease usually have people, who suffer from anorexia, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and so on.

It is normal to have a fear, but if it's fear based on symptoms like aggression, constant worry or fright, then people have to apply for the help of psychologist.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LAUGHTER

Laughter is almost uncontrollable. This is manifested in young people, especially children. Psychologist says that laughter, smiling, and grinning are the external manifestations of the play instinct. So we may, therefore, lay down the law that all unrestrained spontaneous activities of normal functions give rise to the emotion of joy with its expression of smiles and laughter. A number of objects may give rise to the emotion of joy, smile and laughter. What is common to all these objects is the fact that they all belong to the class of playthings. This we can easily observe in the case of little children who laugh and jump with joy when they keep on playing with their toys. Adult life is not in any way different: adults laugh and are amused with their toys, but the toys are more disguised and far more complex. We must have our toys and our playthings to amuse us and to make us laugh. The character of toys, however, changes with the nation, age, and environment. The character of the plaything also changes with the age of the individual.
A man in high spirits, though he may not actually smile, commonly exhibits some tendency to the retraction of the corners of his mouth. From the excitement of pleasure the circulation becomes more rapid; the eyes are bright, and the color of the face rises. The brain, becoming stimulated by the increased flow of blood, reacts on the mental powers; lively ideas pass still more rapidly through the mind, and the affections are warmed. Laughter is frequently employed in a forced manner to conceal or mask some other state of mind, even anger. We often see persons laughing in order to conceal their shame or shyness. We can see it when a person purses up his mouth, as if to prevent the possibility of smile, though there is nothing to excite one. Also we can see objection between the laughter or smile and the body language.
It’s hard to believe, but every Monday evening about 10 people gather at Better Health Chiropractic in New York City to laugh about absolutely nothing. Members stand in a circle while a certified instructor leads the group in some 20 different laughs.
One prescribed chuckle is the "broken vase" laugh. The leader pretends to drop an imaginary vase on the floor and then lets out a distinctive snicker. The group then performs the exercise together.
The point is to "laugh without reason," which they believe is good for their health. In the clubs, humor plays little role in initiating the laughter, although participants report that watching another person giggle is in itself pretty funny.
Today, laughter clubs can be found at U.S. elementary schools, churches, hospitals and military bases, although no studies have been performed to test whether forced laughter is effective.
If we remember the James- Lange theory then we can say that we feel happy because we laugh. So keep a smile and laugh because the life will seem brighter and the mood will be better.

CONFLICTS

Conflict is a state of opposition, disagreement between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterized by physical violence. Military conflict between states may constitute war.
There are many types of conflicts, but mostly we faced with conflicts between people. From psychological side conflicts can be caused by a role cunfusion. For example if you are the student you behave with your lecturers like all students. You don't behave with them like with your sister or brother, you don't say "go out" or "shut up" to your lecturers because a person know his limits. But when a person confuse his or her role then it can cause a conflict.
Also, the reason of conflict can be in own person. If people are stressed or have many problems they are more nerwous and can burn like matches and develope conflicts.
Moreover, conflicts can be between two people or a group who has a firm ego. If there are one person with firm ego and other person doesn't have a firm ego then psychologically stronger person will affect other person to his side, but if there are two people with firm ego, the conflict can develope into very strong conflict or physical violence.
It depends also on person morality norms, experience and other aspects. As we know, firstly we have to think over and then do.
There can be many reasons and explanations about the conflicts and their rise. So that was just a little part.